用户侧光储微电网中央控制器研制

4.2 基于PC连接的功能验证

由于该部分策略属于分钟及小时级时间尺度,在验证其有效性时,通过计算机与控制器互联的方式,采用情景设置方式完成策略验证。测试环境见图13。功率预测结果见图14。

图13 测试环境

图14 功率预测结果

从图14(a)可以看出光伏预测算法能够得到较好的预测结果。由于凌晨及夜晚无需进行光伏预测,因此在选取每天5:00—19:00整进行预测,共56个点。从预测误差结果分析,预测误差较大的区间主要集中在每日的早晨和傍晚2个光伏功率较小的时段。原因是早晨和傍晚2个时段的实际光伏功率较小,导致计算相对误差时的基数小,从而使较小的预测结果数值变化产生较大的相对预测误差较大。

由图14(b)可知,负荷预测算法能够较准确的对负荷进行预测,最大预测误差分别不超过13%和20%。

图15是根据室内外温度和电价信息对空调负荷系统进行优化管理前后的运行情况对比,以及优化管理后室内和室外温度曲线。中央控制器能够在保证用户舒适度的前提下,将室内温度控制在合理的范围。进行能量优化管理之后,用户能效提高13.6%。

图15 优化结果

5 结语

通过关键技术和集成技术的创新,研发小型化高集成度的微电网中央控制器,涵盖微电网接入关键技术,为用户侧微电网提供低成本、高效率的解决方案,推动用户侧微电网的大规模发展。

本文所研制的中央控制器,基于分层级多时间尺度通信架构,实现对底层设备的数据实时采集,为后台监控提供信息来源;重点考虑核心功能的完整性、算法模块的通用性、微源接入的规范化,通过实用简化与集成创新,能够适配光储微电网的典型应用;集成了黑启动、无缝切换、功率预测、运行优化控制与能效管理等功能模块,并通过实验验证所提策略的正确性。

当前所研制控制器仅在实验室进行验证,下一步计划将在家庭住宅、商业楼宇、工业园区等多种类型微电网工程中针对实际情况进行各功能模块的适用性调整及工程化完善。

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延伸阅读：

为什么建设微电网？微电网经济性和配售电问题如何解决？

政策力挺微电网建设 或撬动数百亿增量市场

国家能源局发布：《微电网管理办法》(征求意见稿)